Contents
What is Cancer?
Cancer or commonly termed ‘tumor’ is characterized by uncontrolled growth of cell(s) that over cedes the natural regulatory control of the cell cycle. The tumor may be of two type Benign and malignant tumors. The benign tumors is localized to one site usually doesn’t spread and thus is less harmful whereas Malignant tumor originates at a different site but progressively invades the surrounding tissues and to different organs of the body. Cancer is leading cause of death worldwide, according to WHO it accounted for more than 10 million deaths in 2022. As per ICMR, In India 1 in 9 people is likely to develop cancer in his/her lifetime. Each year about 14 lakhs new cancer patients are registered and in 2022, more than 8.5 lakh people died due to cancer.Types of Cancer:
- Leukemia
- Breast cancer
- Lung cancer
- Lymphoma
- Sarcoma
- Uterine cancer
- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- Pancreatic cancer
- Prostate cancer
- Colon cancer
Causes of Cancer
- Genetics Changes: the changes occurring at DNA level due to exposure to ultra violet radiation,
- Physical agents like smoking, Alcohol, tobacco consumption.
- Chemical Agents such as water contaminated with heavy metals.
- Biological contaminants such as bacteria- helicobacter pylori may be responsible for colon cancer, viruses- HPV, Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C.
Other causes may be:
- Sedentary Life style
- Unhealthy diet
- Physical inactivity
- Obesity
Symptoms of Cancer pathology:
- Extreme tiredness from long time (Chronic fatigue)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Unexplained bleeding from any body part
- Lump/ discharge/ unusual changes in the breasts
- Persistent cough
- Blood in sputum
- Any sore or ulcer that will not heal
- Swollen lymph nodes at the neck or in armpits.
Various measures of prevention
- Life Style Modifications
- Regular Exercise ,
- Healthy Diet Intake like consumption of milk, ghee in the diet.
- Food should be freshly cooked.
- Avoiding alcohol and tobacco consumption, exposure to radiation.
- Avoiding ultraviolet radiation exposure (which primarily results from exposure to the sun) and/or using sun protection measures.
- Ensuring safe and appropriate use of radiation in health care (for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes)
- Getting vaccinated against available Anti-cancer vaccine and regular screening for cancer marker. Regular screening helps in early detection leading to quicker diagnosis.
- Inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
- Manages the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation.